Nov 20,1942 - Present
THE 46TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
1818 The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded, with Thomas Telford as its future first president.
1818 David Brewster announces the discovery of doubly-refracting crystals, now known as biaxial class, to the Royal Society. Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" on the reflection of polarized light.
1818 Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte's ascent to the thrones of Sweden and Norway marks a historic union of nations.
1818 Augustin Fresnel delivered a groundbreaking report on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, revealing that polarized light's properties remain preserved when passed through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid after being depolarized by a Fresnel rhomb.
1818 The United States Congress, in homage to its revolutionary roots, officially adopted the nation's flag, featuring 13 red and white stripes and a star for each of the 20 states at that time, symbolizing unity and history.
1818 Chile's fervent struggle for independence reaches its zenith at the Battle of Maipú, where O'Higgins and San Martín secure a resounding victory over Spain.
1818 The United States Senate ratified the Rush-Bagot Treaty on this day, a diplomatic agreement that had far-reaching implications for the relations between the United States and Great Britain.
1818 French physicist Augustin Fresnel leaves his indelible mark on science by signing his preliminary "Note on the Theory of Diffraction," a document that concludes with the now-famous Fresnel integrals.
1818 A symbol of unity and growth: The U.S. Flag Act of 1818 came into effect, establishing the tradition of adding stars to the flag on July 4th after each new state's admission.
1818 French physicist Augustin Fresnel emerges as a luminary of science, presenting his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light." In this groundbreaking work, he meticulously explains the limited extent to which light diffuses into shadows, dispelling the ancient objections to the wave theory of light.
1818 Carl III's ascendancy in 1818 held significant implications for Sweden, shaping its political landscape.
1818 Diplomatic harmony prevails as the United States and the United Kingdom sign the Convention of 1818, effectively resolving territorial disputes and defining the Canada-U.S. border.
1818 The heartland of America expands as Illinois proudly joins the Union as the 21st U.S. state, a momentous occasion that would help shape the nation's growth and identity.
1818 The year 1818 witnessed a significant event in the history of the Orthodox Church when Cyril VI of Constantinople resigned from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch. His resignation was made under pressure from the Ottoman Empire, shaping the ecclesiastical landscape of the era.
1818 The enchanting strains of "Silent Night" echo through St. Nikolaus Church in Oberndorf, Austria, in its inaugural performance.
1818 Nestled near Concepción, Chile, Bernardo O'Higgins pens his formal approval of the Chilean Declaration of Independence. In this declaration, a nation's identity is forged, and the pursuit of liberty ignites the hearts of its people.
