Nov 20,1942 - Present
THE 46TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
1863 The Emancipation Proclamation took effect in Confederate territory, a significant step toward ending slavery in the U.S.
1863 The New Apostolic Church is established in Hamburg, Germany.
1863 During the American Civil War, the Second Battle of Springfield took place. It was a notable conflict within the larger context of the war.
1863 The Metropolitan Railway's opening in 1863 marked the birth of the world's oldest underground railway, the London Underground.
1863 Battle of Arkansas Post: General McClernand and Admiral Porter capture Fort Hindman, securing control of the Arkansas River.
1863 CSS Alabama vs. USS Hatteras: CSS Alabama sinks the USS Hatteras near Galveston Lighthouse during the American Civil War.
1863 Poland, Lithuania, and Belarus ignited in rebellion as the January Uprising erupted, fueled by a fervent desire to reclaim the Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian Commonwealth from Russian occupation.
1863 Following the disastrous Fredericksburg campaign, General Ambrose Burnside was relieved of command during the American Civil War, with Joseph Hooker taking his place.
1863 Massachusetts Governor John Albion Andrew received authorization to form a militia unit for men of African descent during the American Civil War.
1863 Tragedy unfolds as California Volunteers, led by Colonel Patrick Edward Connor, clash with the Shoshone at the Bear River Massacre.
1863 Off the coast of Auckland, New Zealand, on February 7, 1863, tragedy struck as HMS Orpheus sank, claiming the lives of 189 crew members. This maritime disaster stands as a solemn reminder of the perils faced by seafarers in the treacherous waters of the southern hemisphere.
1863 A group of compassionate citizens in Geneva comes together to establish the International Committee for Relief to the Wounded, laying the foundation for the International Committee of the Red Cross.
1863 Arizona is organized as a United States territory.
1863 The SS Georgiana, known as the most powerful Confederate cruiser, met its demise on its maiden voyage, carrying a valuable cargo of munitions, medicines, and merchandise.
1863 Danish prince Wilhelm Georg's selection as King George of Greece marked a significant turning point in Greek monarchy, influencing the nation's trajectory.
1863 Richmond, Virginia, experienced its largest bread riot during the American Civil War in 1863, reflecting the hardships of the era and the societal impact of the conflict.
1863 Gunboats, under the command of acting Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter, daringly navigated past Confederate artillery batteries at Vicksburg during the Vicksburg Campaign, a decisive moment in the American Civil War.
1863 Grierson's Raid, a pivotal operation during the American Civil War, commenced with Union Army Colonel Benjamin Grierson leading an assault on central Mississippi.
1863 Heroic Stand at Hacienda Camarón: A small French Foreign Legion patrol valiantly battles nearly 2,000 Mexican soldiers, leaving a lasting legacy of courage in the face of overwhelming odds.
1863 The Battle of Chancellorsville commences during the American Civil War, a significant military engagement that shapes the course of the conflict.
1863 Stonewall Jackson's fate took a tragic turn during the American Civil War as he was wounded by friendly fire during the Battle of Chancellorsville.
1863 The Battle of Chancellorsville reached its fateful conclusion with the Army of Northern Virginia securing victory over the Army of the Potomac, altering the trajectory of the Civil War.
1863 The Battle of Raymond unfolded in 1863 during the American Civil War, as Union forces turned the tide by breaking through Confederate defenses at Fourteen Mile Creek, a key Vicksburg Campaign maneuver.
1863 May 14, 1863, witnessed the Battle of Jackson during the American Civil War, a pivotal clash in the conflict that shaped the course of the war between the Union and Confederate forces.
1863 Rosalía de Castro's publication of Cantares Gallegos in 1863 marked a significant cultural milestone, as it became the first book written in the Galician language, preserving a rich linguistic heritage.
1863 Union Army's success in closing off the escape route from Port Hudson set the stage for a significant siege during the American Civil War.
1863 The Siege of Port Hudson, a significant engagement during the American Civil War, began, setting the stage for a 48-day-long struggle that would become the longest siege in U.S. military history.
1863 In Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony, on May 23, 1863, the General German Workers' Association was founded, laying the groundwork for the modern Social Democratic Party of Germany and shaping the nation's political landscape.
1863 The American Civil War saw the First Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson in 1863, a critical engagement in the conflict.
1863 A historic turning point unfolds as the Battle of Brandy Station concludes in Virginia, ending Confederate cavalry supremacy in the eastern theater of the American Civil War.
1863 During the French intervention in Mexico, French troops captured Mexico City, exerting control over the nation.
1863 Winchester's Battle: In the American Civil War, the Union garrison faced defeat by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Second Battle of Winchester, Virginia.
1863 Port Hudson's Siege: The Second Assault on Confederate works during the Siege of Port Hudson marked a crucial event in the American Civil War.
1863 In the midst of the American Civil War, the Battle of Aldie occurred in 1863 as part of the Gettysburg Campaign, with implications for the outcome of the war.
1863 West Virginia's admission as the 35th U.S. state during the American Civil War in 1863 reshapes the nation's political and geographic landscape.
1863 Keti Koti, also known as Emancipation Day, was observed in Suriname in 1863 to commemorate the abolition of slavery by the Netherlands. This marked a significant moment in the history of the transatlantic slave trade.
1863 The Battle of Gettysburg, a pivotal conflict in the American Civil War, began in 1863. This battle had far-reaching consequences and is often seen as a turning point in the war's outcome.
1863 The climactic final day of the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 featured the iconic Pickett's Charge, a defining moment in the American Civil War. This battle would leave an indelible mark on the nation's history.
1863 A turning point in the American Civil War: Vicksburg, Mississippi, surrendered to the relentless siege led by Ulysses S. Grant, marking a pivotal moment in the conflict.
1863 On this day, Union forces achieved a significant victory, repelling a Confederate army at the Battle of Helena in Arkansas, a critical strategic win during the Civil War.
1863 The tide turned in the American Civil War as the Army of Northern Virginia, led by General Robert E. Lee, retreated from the battlefield following their defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg.
1863 The United States implements its first military draft, allowing exemptions for a fee of $300, a contentious moment during the Civil War.
1863 The American Civil War reaches a turning point as the Siege of Port Hudson comes to an end, securing complete Union control over the Mississippi River.
1863 The New York City draft riots erupted in 1863, with opponents of conscription engaging in three days of rioting, making it one of the darkest episodes in U.S. history.
1863 The Second Battle of Fort Wagner during the American Civil War in 1863 saw the valiant 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry's assault on Confederate-held Battery Wagner.
1863 In 1863 AD, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Buffington Island in Ohio thwarted Confederate General John Hunt Morgan's northward raid as a large group of his men were captured.
1863 Morgan's Raid, a significant Confederate cavalry operation, meets its end as John Hunt Morgan and his volunteers are captured by Union forces in Salineville, Ohio.
1863 The Treaty of Box Elder's signing, forging a pact between the United States and tribal leaders, including Chief Pocatello.
1863 Under the guidance of Senator J. V. Snellman and the orders of Emperor Alexander II, Finland granted full rights to the Finnish language, a momentous step towards cultural recognition.
1863 Matica slovenská, an institution dedicated to the cultural and scientific aspects of the Slovak nation, is founded in Martin, Slovakia. It plays a vital role in preserving and promoting Slovak heritage.
1863 General Robert E. Lee's letter of resignation, sent after his defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War, arrives at Confederate President Jefferson Davis's desk, symbolizing a turning point in the conflict.
1863 Tennessee Military Governor Andrew Johnson takes a historic step by emancipating his personal slaves in Greeneville, Tennessee, even though they were initially exempt from the Emancipation Proclamation, an act celebrated as Emancipation Day in the state.
1863 The Anglo-Satsuma War commenced in 1863 AD between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom. This conflict showcased global power dynamics during a transformative period in Japanese history.
1863 The Dominican Restoration War commences as Gregorio Luperón defiantly raises the Dominican flag in Santo Domingo after Spain's ill-fated recolonization attempt, marking a pivotal moment in the nation's history.
1863 Charleston, South Carolina, witnessed a defining moment in American Civil War history as Union batteries and ships bombarded Confederate-held Fort Sumter on August 17, 1863.
1863 The destruction of Lawrence, Kansas, by pro-Confederate guerrillas known as Quantrill's Raiders highlighted the violent divisions during the American Civil War.
1863 A symbolic moment unfolds as the blue-and-white cross flag, proposed by Helsingfors Dagblad, emerges as Finland's national emblem.
1863 Confederate forces reluctantly evacuated Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina, marking a turning point in the American Civil War's coastal campaign.
1863 In 1863, Union troops, commanded by Quincy A. Gillmore, captured Fort Wagner in Morris Island, South Carolina, after a seven-week siege, contributing to the American Civil War's progress.
1863 The Second Battle of Sabine Pass, fought during the American Civil War, was a remarkable example of a small Confederate force effectively thwarting a Union invasion of Texas.
1863 The American Civil War rages on, and in 1863, the Union Army makes a significant advance by entering Chattanooga, Tennessee, in pursuit of their objectives.
1863 Philanthropist Christopher Robert lays the foundation for education beyond borders by establishing Robert College in Istanbul, the first American educational institution outside the United States.
1863 The Battle of Chickamauga in the American Civil War commences, ranking second in casualties among Civil War battles, second only to Gettysburg.
1863 The Battle of Chickamauga begins, the bloodiest two-day battle in the Western Theater of the American Civil War.
1863 The Battle of Chickamauga in Georgia ends in a Confederate victory, becoming one of the bloodiest Civil War battles.
1863 Georges Bizet's opera "Les pêcheurs de perles" debuts in Paris.
1863 U.S. President Abraham Lincoln establishes the last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day, a tradition that endures to this day.
1863 The American Civil War rages on as Confederate forces, under the command of A. P. Hill, strive to dislodge the Union Army from Virginia, shaping the course of a nation divided.
1863 A historic maritime feat unfolds during the American Civil War as the H. L. Hunley, the inaugural submarine to sink a vessel, claims the life of its inventor.
1863 In 1863, a historic moment occurred with the founding of The Football Association, laying the foundation for organized soccer in England.
1863 A landmark gathering of representatives from eighteen countries takes place in Geneva, resulting in the formation of the International Red Cross. This historic moment marks the birth of an organization dedicated to humanitarian aid and global relief efforts.
1863 During the American Civil War, the Battle of Wauhatchie sees Union forces, led by General Ulysses S. Grant, repelling a Confederate attack under General James Longstreet. This battle opens a vital supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee, shaping the course of the war.
1863 Danish Prince Vilhelm arrives in Athens, heralding a new era as he assumes the throne as George I, King of the Hellenes.
1863 The New Zealand Wars resume as General Duncan Cameron leads British forces in the Invasion of the Waikato.
1863 The American Civil War saw the Battle of Campbell's Station in 1863, where Confederate forces unsuccessfully attempted to thwart Union troops, allowing General Ambrose Burnside to secure Knoxville, Tennessee.
1863 The American Civil War enters a new phase as Confederate forces, led by General James Longstreet, commence the Siege of Knoxville, placing Knoxville, Tennessee, under a prolonged and historic siege.
1863 King Christian IX's signing of the November constitution sets Denmark on a collision course with the German Confederation over Schleswig.
1863 On this date in 1863, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln delivered the Gettysburg Address at the dedication ceremony for the military cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, a profound moment in American history.
1863 In the heart of the American Civil War, the Battle of Chattanooga unfolds. General Ulysses S. Grant's Union forces bolster their defenses in Tennessee, launching a counter-attack that reverberates through history.
1863 Union forces, led by General Ulysses S. Grant, seize Lookout Mountain during the Battle of Lookout Mountain, a pivotal moment in the Civil War.
1863 The Battle of Missionary Ridge marks a pivotal moment in the American Civil War, as General Ulysses S. Grant's Union forces break the Siege of Chattanooga by decisively defeating Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg at Missionary Ridge in Tennessee.
1863 President Abraham Lincoln's proclamation of a national Thanksgiving Day on November 26th, later anchored on the fourth Thursday in November, endures as a cherished American tradition.
1863 The American Civil War witnesses a daring escape as Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and his men break free from the confines of the Ohio Penitentiary, heading south.
1863 At the Battle of Mine Run, Union forces, commanded by General George Meade, take up positions against Confederate troops led by the renowned General Robert E. Lee, shaping the conflict's outcome.
1863 In the American Civil War, Union forces led by Ambrose Burnside successfully defend Knoxville, Tennessee, against Confederate forces under James Longstreet in the Battle of Fort Sanders.
1863 The American Civil War takes a pivotal turn as General James Longstreet secures a Confederate victory at the Battle of Bean's Station in East Tennessee, marking a momentous but short-lived triumph.
1863 During the American Civil War, Joseph E. Johnston took over command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee from Braxton Bragg on December 16, 1863, a transition with far-reaching consequences.
1863 The Siege of Vicksburg begins, marking a crucial chapter in the American Civil War as Union forces lay siege to the Confederate stronghold.
