Nov 20,1942 - Present
THE 46TH PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES
1965 The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan was founded in Kabul, shaping the country's political landscape.
1965 Eastern Air Lines Flight 663 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, claiming the lives of all aboard and leaving a lasting mark on aviation history.
1965 The Vietnam War takes a significant turn as the United States Marine Corps deploys an MIM-23 Hawk missile battalion to South Vietnam, marking the arrival of American troops.
1965 Canada adopts its iconic red-and-white maple leaf flag, symbolizing a fresh start for the nation.
1965 Project Ranger takes flight as the Ranger 8 probe embarks on its mission to capture images of the Mare Tranquillitatis region on the Moon, laying the groundwork for the historic Apollo 11 lunar landing.
1965 The Gambia's historic journey toward independence reached its zenith as the nation broke free from British colonial rule, setting the stage for a new chapter in its history.
1965 In a tumultuous period, Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo, a communist spy, along with Generals Lâm Văn Phát and Trần Thiện Khiêm, launches a coup against the military junta in South Vietnam, stirring political unrest.
1965 Ranger 8 successfully photographs potential lunar landing sites before its controlled crash into the Moon, contributing valuable data to the Apollo program and future moon missions.
1965 In 1965, the U.S. and Republic of Vietnam Air Force initiated Operation Rolling Thunder, marking the start of a sustained bombing campaign against North Vietnam during the Vietnam War.
1965 The March Intifada ignites in Bahrain, marking a fervent leftist uprising against British colonial presence and reshaping the geopolitical dynamics of the region.
1965 Selma, Alabama, bore witness to a brutal crackdown on civil rights marchers during the infamous "Bloody Sunday," a dark episode in the struggle for civil rights in the United States.
1965 The Vietnam War escalates as US Marines arrive in Da Nang, marking a pivotal moment in the conflict's timeline.
1965 President Lyndon B. Johnson's iconic declaration of "We shall overcome" in response to the Selma crisis marked a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement and American history.
1965 The cosmos beckons humanity as cosmonaut Alexei Leonov steps out of his spacecraft, Voskhod 2, for a historic 12-minute spacewalk, becoming the first person to walk in space and marking a monumental achievement in the history of space exploration.
1965 Teenage diver and pioneer underwater archaeologist E. Lee Spence made an astonishing discovery, locating the wreck of the SS Georgiana exactly 102 years after its destruction, shedding new light on Civil War history.
1965 NASA launched Ranger 9, the final mission in the Ranger lunar program, contributing crucial data for future lunar exploration.
1965 Martin Luther King Jr. led a triumphant civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, advancing the cause of equality and justice.
1965 On March 23, 1965, NASA achieved a historic milestone by launching Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight. The crew, Gus Grissom and John Young, embarked on a mission that paved the way for future space exploration endeavors.
1965 A triumphant moment for civil rights unfolded in 1965 as Martin Luther King Jr. and fellow activists successfully completed their remarkable 4-day, 50-mile march from Selma to the Alabama capitol in Montgomery, a powerful symbol of perseverance in the face of adversity.
1965 Tragedy struck Chile as a powerful Mw 7.4 earthquake triggered a series of tailings dam failures, burying the town of El Cobre and claiming the lives of over 500 people.
1965 The Vietnam War saw a tragic car bombing in front of the United States Embassy in Saigon, resulting in casualties and underlining the conflict's severity.
1965 Early Bird, the pioneering commercial communications satellite, is successfully launched, forever changing global communication by achieving geosynchronous orbit.
1965 Representatives of the National Congress of American Indians take a historic stand, testifying before the U.S. Senate against the termination of the Colville tribe.
1965 The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965 unleashes a series of fifty-one tornadoes across six Midwestern states, resulting in 256 casualties and leaving an indelible mark on the region's history.
1965 The trial related to the 1964 civil rights murders in Mississippi represents a moment of reckoning with America's history of racial violence.
1965 The Dominican Republic is plunged into turmoil as Colonel Francisco Caamaño stages a coup, overthrowing the ruling triumvirate and igniting a civil war that would reshape the nation's political landscape.
1965 American troops land in the Dominican Republic, seeking to prevent the rise of a Communist regime and safeguard US interests.
1965 Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) celebrated a triumph as its seventh rocket in the Rehber series soared into the heavens, advancing the nation's aspirations in space exploration.
1965 Luna 5, a Soviet spacecraft, met an unfortunate end on the Moon's surface in 1965, a pioneering mission that contributed to lunar exploration and advanced the understanding of celestial bodies.
1965 The tragic crash of Pakistan International Airlines Flight 705 at Cairo International Airport, resulting in the loss of 121 lives, was a somber event in aviation history.
1965 The Vietnam War escalated as American warships initiated the first bombardment of National Liberation Front targets within South Vietnam in 1965, shaping the course of the conflict.
1965 A milestone in space exploration as Gemini 4 embarks on the first multi-day space mission, with astronaut Ed White etching his name in history by performing the inaugural American spacewalk.
1965 In a landmark decision, the U.S. Supreme Court rules in Griswold v. Connecticut, preventing states from criminalizing contraception use among married couples.
1965 South Vietnam's civilian Prime Minister, Phan Huy Quát, resigns in the face of mounting challenges, unable to collaborate with a junta led by Nguyễn Cao Kỳ.
1965 The Vietnam War escalates with the Battle of Đồng Xoài, a colossal clash between the Viet Cong and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, leaving an indelible mark on the conflict's history.
1965 The United States Air Force's use of B-52 bombers to combat guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam marked a significant military engagement during the Vietnam War.
1965 Nguyễn Cao Kỳ assumed the role of Prime Minister of South Vietnam, leading a military junta. General Nguyễn Văn Thiệu became the figurehead chief of state.
1965 Diplomatic history was shaped as the Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea was signed, laying the groundwork for bilateral relations between the two nations.
1965 The era of planetary exploration reached a milestone as Mariner 4 conducted a historic flyby of Mars, capturing the very first close-up photographs of another planet and transmitting these groundbreaking images back to Earth.
1965 Bob Dylan's electrifying performance at the 1965 Newport Folk Festival marked a seismic shift in folk and rock music, heralding a new era in musical expression.
1965 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's announcement to increase the number of American troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000 marked a pivotal moment in the Vietnam War.
1965 The Vietnam War escalates as the first contingent of 4,000 paratroopers from the 101st Airborne Division descends upon Cam Ranh Bay, Vietnam, embarking on a pivotal chapter in a conflict that will shape a generation.
1965 President Johnson's enactment of the Social Security Act of 1965, establishing Medicare and Medicaid for millions.
1965 Frank Herbert's groundbreaking science fiction novel, Dune, was published for the first time, captivating readers worldwide and earning its place as a literary classic.
1965 The Constitution of the Cook Islands comes into effect, granting the Cook Islands self-governing status within New Zealand, a significant milestone in the islands' political history.
1965 The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 begins with Pakistani soldiers crossing the Line of Control dressed as locals, sparking a conflict with lasting implications for South Asia.
1965 A momentous occasion for civil rights, as US President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law, ensuring equal voting rights for all American citizens.
1965 Singapore's journey towards independence takes an unexpected turn as it is expelled from Malaysia, becoming a sovereign nation against its will.
1965 Los Angeles witnesses the eruption of the Watts Riots, a tumultuous period of racial unrest that engulfs the city in turmoil.
1965 The Beatles' iconic performance at Shea Stadium in New York City in 1965 marked the birth of stadium rock, as nearly 60,000 fans gathered to witness a historic moment in the evolution of popular music.
1965 The Vietnam War enters a new phase with the initiation of Operation Starlite, a major American ground offensive led by United States Marines to eradicate a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula, marking a pivotal moment in the conflict.
1965 Japanese Prime Minister Eisaku Satō makes history as the first post-World War II sitting prime minister to visit Okinawa Prefecture, a symbolic gesture amidst shifting dynamics in Japan's political landscape.
1965 The proclamation of the Socialist Republic of Romania marked a significant political transformation after years of communist rule, reshaping the country's government and policies.
1965 The Gemini V spacecraft returns to Earth, safely landing in the Atlantic Ocean after a successful mission in space.
1965 India retaliated following Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam, resulting in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, which ended in a stalemate and the signing of the Tashkent Declaration.
1965 During an Indo-Pakistani War in 1965, China announced its reinforcement of troops on the Indian border, influencing regional geopolitics.
1965 Vietnam War: Operation Piranha was initiated on the Batangan Peninsula in 1965 by United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces, intensifying the conflict.
1965 The establishment of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in 1965 marks a crucial step in addressing housing and urban development challenges in America.
1965 Hurricane Betsy makes its second landfall near New Orleans in 1965, leaving a trail of devastation with 76 casualties and significant economic impact.
1965 The Indo-Pakistani War sees the Indian Army capturing the town of Burki, signaling a turning point in the conflict.
1965 The Battle of Chawinda, fought on September 17, 1965, was a significant engagement between Pakistan and India during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, shaping the course of this conflict.
1965 Following the Battle of Burki, the Indian Army captures Dograi during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, a significant military event.
1965 Global diplomacy: The Gambia, Maldives, and Singapore join the United Nations, shaping international relations.
1965 The end of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 following a UN ceasefire call.
1965 September 30 Movement in Indonesia leads to the assassination of six Army generals and mass killings of suspected leftists.
1965 Pope Paul VI embarks on a historic papal visit to the Americas, strengthening the bonds between the Vatican and the Western Hemisphere.
1965 Amidst the Vietnam War, a draft card is ceremoniously burned during an anti-war rally by the Catholic Worker Movement, resulting in the first arrest under a new law.
1965 The opening of the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan, symbolized a celebration of athletic excellence and international unity.
1965 A celestial marvel graces the night sky as Comet Ikeya-Seki makes its appearance, captivating astronomers and skywatchers alike.
1965 The Vietnam War witnessed a significant military operation as the 1st Cavalry Division (Airmobile) launched an offensive aimed at eliminating Communist forces during the siege of Plei Me.
1965 Pope Paul VI's promulgation of Nostra aetate officially recognizes the legitimacy of non-Christian faiths within the Roman Catholic Church, promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding.
1965 Norman Morrison, a 31-year-old Quaker, made a profound and tragic statement of protest against the Vietnam War by self-immolating in front of the Pentagon's river entrance. His act of self-sacrifice served as a poignant symbol of opposition to the use of napalm in the conflict.
1965 The creation of the British Indian Ocean Territory came to fruition, encompassing the Chagos Archipelago, Aldabra, Farquhar, and Des Roches islands. This marked a geopolitical development in the region.
1965 The Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965 received Royal Assent, formally ending the death penalty for almost all crimes in the United Kingdom. This was a significant step toward criminal justice reform.
1965 The Vietnam War saw the 173rd Airborne ambushed by over 1,200 Viet Cong in Operation Hump, while the 1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment, engaged the Viet Cong at the Battle of Gang Toi. These battles marked early engagements in a protracted conflict.
1965 American Airlines Flight 383 tragically crashed in Constance, Kentucky, resulting in the loss of 58 lives. This event underscored the importance of aviation safety measures.
1965 November 9, 1965, witnessed a series of widespread blackouts lasting up to 13 hours in several U.S. states and parts of Canada during the Northeast blackout of 1965.
1965 A member of the Catholic Worker Movement, Roger Allen LaPorte, staged a self-immolation protest against the Vietnam War in front of the United Nations building on November 9, 1965.
1965 The declaration of Southern Rhodesia's unilateral independence as the unrecognized state of Rhodesia.
1965 The tragic crash of United Airlines Flight 227 at Salt Lake City International Airport, resulting in the loss of 43 lives.
1965 The Vietnam War takes a dramatic turn as the Battle of Ia Drang unfolds, marking the first major clash between regular American and North Vietnamese forces.
1965 A land speed record was shattered on this day as Craig Breedlove achieved a remarkable 600.601 mph in his car, the Spirit of America, on the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, etching his name in the annals of speed history.
1965 As part of the Venera program, the Soviet Union launched the Venera 3 space probe toward Venus in 1965. It marked the first spacecraft to successfully reach the surface of another planet.
1965 Joseph-Désiré Mobutu takes power in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, commencing his decades-long rule and renaming it Zaire in 1971.
1965 France's successful launch of Astérix into orbit solidifies its position as the third nation to achieve space travel with its own booster.
1965 The Vietnam War takes a pivotal turn as the Pentagon advises President Lyndon B. Johnson to increase American troop levels from 120,000 to 400,000, shaping the conflict's trajectory.
1965 Responding to President Lyndon B. Johnson's call for "more flags" in Vietnam, Philippine President-elect Ferdinand Marcos announces the deployment of troops to support South Vietnam, marking a pivotal moment in the Southeast Asian conflict.
1965 A historic moment in space exploration unfolds as Gemini 7 is launched with crew members Frank Borman and Jim Lovell, setting the stage for the first crewed space rendezvous performed by the crew of Gemini 6A.
1965 A historic moment of reconciliation unfolds as Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I simultaneously revoke mutual excommunications dating back to 1054. This moment paves the way for greater unity in the Christian world.
1965 The Kecksburg UFO incident fueled speculation about extraterrestrial encounters as witnesses reported a mysterious fireball and crash near Pittsburgh, sparking curiosity and debate.
1965 Project Gemini achieves a historic milestone as Gemini 6A, crewed by Wally Schirra and Thomas Stafford, launches from Cape Kennedy, Florida, and achieves the first space rendezvous with Gemini 7.
1965 The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination is adopted, fostering a commitment to global equality.
1965 A transformative moment on British roads as the United Kingdom imposes a 70 miles per hour (110 km/h) speed limit on all rural roads, including motorways, for the very first time.
1965 Jean-Bédel Bokassa, leader of the Central African Republic army, and his officers initiated a coup d'état against President David Dacko's government, reshaping the nation's leadership.
1965 South Vietnamese Prime Minister Trần Văn Hương is unseated by a military junta, altering the political landscape of the region.
1965 Canada's Flag Act paves the way for the adoption of the current design of the Flag of Canada, an emblem of national identity.
1965 Malcolm X, an icon of civil rights, strides into the town of Smethwick near Birmingham, bearing witness to the charged aftermath of the 1964 United Kingdom general election. His presence ignites a beacon of awareness amidst the specter of racial divisions.
1965 An era comes to a close as Premier Tom Playford, who served South Australia for 27 years, loses power, leaving a lasting legacy in Australian politics.
1965 The Mont Blanc Tunnel, a remarkable engineering feat, is inaugurated, connecting France and Italy through the heart of the Alps—a testament to human ingenuity and international collaboration.
1965 South Vietnamese Colonel Phạm Ngọc Thảo, an enigmatic figure and a former undetected communist spy, meets his fate as unknown individuals hunt him down and end his life after he was sentenced to death in absentia for his involvement in a February 1965 coup attempt against Nguyễn Khánh during the turbulent days of the Vietnam War.
1965 Israeli spy Eli Cohen meets his end through execution in Damascus, Syria, leaving a lasting legacy of espionage.
